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目的:对比分析常压缺氧和低压缺氧的缺氧训练效果，为飞行员缺氧训练提供科学依据。方法:选取健康受试者42名，使用飞行员低氧训练仪和低压舱分别模拟7 500 m高度缺氧训练，监测和记录受试者血氧饱和度、心率和呼吸频率等生理指标及缺氧耐受时间，2次训练结束后受试者分别填写缺氧症状调查问卷。分析常压缺氧训练和低压缺氧训练的缺氧耐受时间和缺氧耐力评定等级，对比2种缺氧训练受试者血氧饱和度和缺氧症状的差异。结果:42名受试者均完成了常压缺氧和低压缺氧训练。缺氧耐受时间生存曲线分析结果显示，常压缺氧和低压缺氧训练的中位缺氧耐受时间分别为［3.17（2.70，3.64）］min和［3.67（3.46，3.88）］min，差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。2种缺氧训练的缺氧耐力评定等级分布情况差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05），血氧饱和度曲线基本吻合，血氧饱和度、心率和呼吸频率差异无统计学意义（ P均>0.05），常见的缺氧症状中计算、注意力集中困难和心慌差异有统计学意义（ χ2=4.81、3.97、3.98， P=0.028、0.046、0.046）。 结论:模拟海拔7 500 m常压缺氧训练和低压缺氧训练中，飞行员的生理反应和主观症状基本相似，缺氧训练效果基本一致。

Objective:To provide scientific basis for pilots′ hypoxia training by comparing and analyzing the effects of hypoxia training under normobaric and hypobaric environments.Methods:Forty-two healthy subjects were selected. The pilot reduced oxygen breathing device and hypobaric chamber were used to simulate 7 500 m hypoxia training, and blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate and hypoxia endurance time were monitored and recorded. The hypoxia symptom questionnaire was filled out by the subjects after 2 training sessions. The hypoxia endurance time and hypoxia tolerance grade of normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia training were analyzed, and the differences of blood oxygen saturation and hypoxia symptoms were compared between 2 hypoxia trainings.Results:Forty-two subjects completed the normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia trainings. The survival curve analysis of hypoxia endurance time showed that the median hypoxia endurance time of normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia training was [3.17(2.70, 3.64)] min and [3.67(3.46, 3.88)] min respectively, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the grade distribution of hypoxia tolerance between 2 hypoxia trainings ( P>0.05). The blood oxygen saturation curves of 2 hypoxia trainings were basically consistent. There was no significant difference between 2 hypoxia trainings on blood oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate (all P>0.05). There were significant differences in difficulty in calculation, difficulty in concentration and with palpitation ( χ2=4.81, 3.97, 3.98, P=0.028, 0.046, 0.046). Conclusions:The analysis showed that most physiological responses and subjective symptoms of pilots are quite similar in the normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia training at simulated 7 500 m. Both normobaric and hypobaric exposures show the similar hypoxia training effect.