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目的:了解航空旅客健康安全事件疾病谱，为科学处置应对航空旅客健康安全事件提供依据。方法:选取某航空公司2021—2022年在飞机客舱内发生健康安全事件的旅客为研究对象，对疾病种类和特点进行分析。结果:2021—2022年某航空公司航空旅客健康安全事件共计1 226例，其中男性563例，女性663例，男女比例0.85∶1；平均年龄（45.03±19.91）岁。排名前5位的疾病分别为损伤（30.67%）、心血管系统疾病（23.25%）、消化系统疾病（11.42%）、呼吸系统疾病（11.17%）和神经系统疾病（10.03%）。损伤中行李架物品掉落砸伤和烫伤发生率高；心血管系统疾病以心绞痛、心肌梗塞为主；消化系统疾病包括饮食后引起的腹部不适、腹痛、腹泻及呕吐等症状；呼吸系统疾病以哮喘、支气管扩张、肺部肿瘤和急性上呼吸道感染为主；神经系统疾病以癫痫居首位。结论:航空旅客健康安全事件疾病谱中损伤、心血管系统、消化系统、呼吸系统和神经系统疾病居前列，为旅客安全乘机管理制定措施和应急预案提供参考。应加强旅客风险告知和提醒，以及航空旅行安全宣传。

Objective:To provide a basis for dealing with passengers′ health safety events by understanding the disease spectrum of passengers′ health safety events.Methods:Passengers who experienced health safety events in the cabin of an airline from 2021 to 2022 were select as the research objects, and the types and characteristics of diseases were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 226 health safety events among air passengers from 2021 to 2022, including 563 cases for man and 663 cases for woman, with a gender ratio of 0.85∶1, and the average age of all cases was (45.03±19.91) years old. The top 5 diseases were damage (30.67%), cardiovascular system disease (23.25%), digestive system disease (11.42%), respiratory disease (11.17%) and nervous system disease (10.03%). The luggage falling and burn caused injuries took high incidence in damage. Cardiovascular diseases mainly included angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Digestive system diseases included symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting caused by diet. Respiratory diseases mainly included asthma, bronchiectasis, lung tumor, and acute upper respiratory tract infections. Epilepsy ranked the first in nervous system diseases.Conclusions:Damage, cardiovascular system, digestive system, respiratory system, and nervous system diseases rank the top diseases in the disease spectrum of air passengers′ health safety events. Those provide the reference to passenger's safety management for making the countermeasure and emergency plan. The risk notification and reminder, as well as the publicity of traveling safety should be strengthened.