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目的:探讨手术治疗高年级军事飞行学员小度数外斜视的飞行适应性及航空医学鉴定原则。方法:分析2例高年级军事飞行学员外斜视的临床诊断、治疗过程及航空医学鉴定情况，复习相关文献并提出航空医学鉴定建议。结果:2例高年级军事飞行学员均诊断为小度数外斜视，眼科检查未见手术禁忌证，行斜视矫正手术。3个月后复查，第一眼位正，视力正常，三级视功能在正常范围，斜视度数在标准之内。根据“中国人民解放军空军飞行人员体格检查标准”，给予飞行合格结论。治疗后正常参加原机型飞行训练，定期进行眼科体检，均在正常范围。结论:高年级军事飞行学员小度数外斜视术后满足：视力达标、无复视、三级视功能正常、斜视<10 Δ，病情平稳3个月以上可以复飞。手术是矫正高年级军事飞行学员小度数外斜视的有效方法。

Objective:To explore the flight adaptability of the senior military flying cadets with small-diopter exotropia treated by surgery and the principles of aeromedical assessment.Methods:Two cases of senior military flying cadets with exotropia were analyzed on clinical diagnosis, treatment, and aeromedical assessment. The related literatures were reviewed and the suggestions for aeromedical assessment were put forward.Results:Two cases were diagnosed as small-diopter exotropia, and no contraindications were found in ophthalmic examination. They received corrective surgery. Three months later, the recheck showed that their primary position of eye and visual acuity were normal, tertiary visual function was in the normal range, and the degree of strabismus was in the standard. According to the pilot′s physical examination standard, the pilots were qualified for flight. They normally participated in the flight training with original aircraft type, and the regular ophthalmic examination showed that they were within normal range.Conclusions:For the senior military flying cadets with small-diopter exotropia and treated by surgery qualification could be decided in case of such conditions as standard visual acuity, no diplopia, normal tertiary visual function, strabismus is less than 10 Δ, and the stable condition maintained for more than 3 months are fulfilled. Operation is an effective method to treat minor exotropia in senior flying cadets.