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目的:综述航天员航天飞行后疗养与康复方案及其研究进展。资料来源与选择 国内外发表的航天员飞行后康复疗养相关文献。资料引用 引用文献资料29篇。资料综合 长期处于航天环境导致航天员机体多系统发生适应性改变，对航天员身体健康和工作效能造成不利影响。航天飞行后康复疗养是保障航天员健康的重要措施。通过物理治疗和运动锻炼等手段，结合自然疗养因子，采取分阶段实施方案，可帮助航天员尽快重新适应重力环境，恢复机体功能及良好身心状态，为下一次飞行任务做好准备。结论:通过制定个体化运动处方有效提升航天飞行后康复效果，以及规划合理评价指标是亟需解决的问题。

Objective:To review the research advance on post-spaceflight recuperation and rehabilitation strategies. Literature resource and selection 　Relevant literatures on post-flight rehabilitation and convalescence of astronauts published in domestic and abroad. Literature quotation 　Twenty-nine references were cited. Literature synthesis 　The long-term spaceflight environment results in adaptive modifications of multiple systems of astronaut′s body. These modifications can have a negative impact on astronauts′ physical health and overall productivity. Post-spaceflight rehabilitation is an important measure to ensure the health of astronauts. By employing physical therapy and exercise training, combining with natural healing factors, and implementing phased reconditioning plan, astronauts can quickly readapt to the gravity environment, restore physical functions, and achieve a good physical and mental state in preparation for the next spaceflight mission. Conclusions:It is urgent to develop individualized exercise prescriptions by effectively enhance post-spaceflight rehabilitation outcomes, and to establish reasonable evaluation indicators.