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免疫检查点抑制剂的出现改变了转移性膀胱癌的治疗格局。然而，转移性膀胱癌进行免疫治疗的有效率仅为20%左右。临床前及早期临床研究结果证实，放疗不仅发挥局部治疗作用，同时对免疫系统也发挥着调理作用。将免疫检查点抑制剂与放疗相结合可能增强抗肿瘤免疫反应并提高反应率。通过回顾近年的研究进展，我们认为免疫治疗联合放疗具有良好的应用前景，有望进一步改变转移性膀胱癌的治疗格局。

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have cahnged the management of patients with metastatic bladder cancer, by leading to long-term response and prolonged survival in a subset of patients. Unfortunately, only one in five patients with metastatic bladder cancer responds to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Preclinical and early clinical evidence indicates that radiotherapy not only acts locally, but It also plays a "double-edged sword" role in the immune system. It is hypothesized that combining checkpoint inhibitors with radiotherapy might enhance an anti-tumor immune response and increase response rates. With a review of research progresses in recent years, we believe that immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy may have a good applied perspective and is expected to further change the treatment pattern of metastatic bladder cancer.