Abstract： Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of bladder augmentation using detubularized ileal patch with perimesenteric longitudinal ileal incision for children with neurogenic bladder (NGB).Methods:From June 2011 to December 2022, the relevant clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 51 NGB children caused by tethered cord syndrome undergoing full thickness ileal bladder augmentation. The median age was (10.66±2.50)(3-18) years. They were assigned into two groups of A and B. First ileal segment was opened adjacent to mesentery, perimesenterically (group A, n=19) and second ileal segment along antemesenteric border (group B, n=32). Each segment was then folded and perimesenteric edges sutured for patching. Bladder volume ratio, compliance and filling phase detrusor pressure were evaluated at one year postoperatively and the inter-group differences were statistically analyzed.Results:No significant inter-group differences existed in age, body mass index, preoperative bladder volume ratio, filling phase detrusor pressure, operative duration or intraoperative volume of blood loss (all P>0.05). However, there were inter-group differences in postoperative bladder volume ratio, compliance and filling phase detrusor pressure ( P<0.05). Group A had a better postoperative bladder volume ratio and compliance [(133.2±7.6)% vs (93.7±4.0)%, χ2=4.947, P<0.001; (25.0±3.4) vs (11.9±1.4) ml/cm H 2O, t=3.93, P=0.0006] and lower filling phase detrusor pressure [(16.6±1.5) vs (27.3±3.1) cm H 2O, t=2.792, P=0.01]. Conclusion:Augmentation for NGB may be carried out by perimesenteric transection of intestinal segment. It improves compliance, expands capacity of neobladder and shortens resected segment.