Abstract： Patients with chronic kidney disease are in a state of hypoxia for a long time. Hypoxia-inducible factor, as a key regulator of the hypoxia response, can regulate the expression and secretion of various osteogenic markers through multiple signaling pathways, promote osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells,and participate in the formation of vascular calcification. It can also contribute to vascular calcification by inducing oxidative stress, promoting autophagy, and influencing the glycolysis pathway. This involvement significantly increases the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease. This article reviews the research related to the mechanisms of vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease induced by hypoxia-inducible factor under hypoxic conditions, as well as the possible treatments for this disease.